Rare Earth Elements (REEs) Adsorption and Detoxification Mechanisms in Cell Wall Polysaccharides of Phytolacca americana L.

The cell wall (CW) is critical for the accumulation of heavy metals in metal-tolerant plants. Polysaccharides, main component CW, contribute significantly to immobilization metals. However, mechanisms rare earth elements (REEs) adsorption and detoxification by polysaccharides walls Phytolacca americana L. (P. americana) remain unclear. In this work, we explored binding sites REEs modifications roots leaves P. americana, order elucidate fixation mechanism wall. Our findings indicated that up 40.7% 48.1% cell-wall-bound were present root leaf pectin, respectively. removal pectin led a 39.8% 23.6% decrease maximum suggesting was site americana. Hydroxyl (-OH) carboxyl (-COOH) groups interacted mainly with ions under stress conditions, which played key role binding. An obvious fractionation found during various fractions all enriched HREEs, whereas LREEs. Moreover, modulated composition reaction stress. conclusion, REEs, functional on play significant REEs. At same time, plants can control selective adjusting walls. This study offers valuable insights into contributing theoretical basis bioremediation pollution.